| Abstract |
Hydrogen is a promising source for clean energy, and its use is an important component for achieving the future targets of a carbon-free grid and net-zero carbon emission from energy usage. This, however, needs reliable methods to store hydrogen underground, for which some viable options are salt or mine caverns, and porous and permeable sedimentary formations. Considering that the porous and permeable formations are more globally abundant than the mine or salt caverns, they are promising for future storage of vast amounts of hydrogen. The feasibility of such storage requires characterizing these formations for their storage and sealing capacity using geological and geophysical data. In addition, when hydrogen is injected into the formation, it is also necessary to combine time-lapse geophysical data with fluid-flow simulation, geomechanical modeling, and rockphysics into a joint optimization to monitor the migration of the injected fluid and ensure containment. Geological carbon storage in these formations for such monitoring is wellstudied. Feasibility for underground hydrogen storage on the other hand is challenging and mostly untested. In this work, we carry out some theoretical study on the feasibility of subsurface hydrogen storage in porous and permeable subsurface formations. We also outline additional research combining laboratory experiments, optimization theory, data science, and artificial intelligence needed to extend this feasibility study into practical applications. |
, Subhashis Mallick 
, Mortezaa Dejam 
